CLASP celebrates 2017 Nelson W. Spencer Lecture

image of margaret and her daughter sitting after lecture — Margaret Kivelson, CLASP Research Professor, speaks at the 2017 Nelson W Spencer Lecture in the Chesebrough Auditorium in the Chrysler Center on North Campus of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI on December 8, 2017. Directly following the lecture, Kivelson and her daughter, LSA History Professor Valerie Kivelson, discussed personal stories of Prof Margaret Kivelson’s career as a female working in space sciences. Photo: Somya Bhagwagar/Michigan Engineering, Communications & Marketing.

On August 21, 2017, millions of Americans observed a total eclipse of the sun, most of them seeing for the first time the solar corona, the complex filmy structure that surrounds the visible disk. The shape of the corona in regions within a few solar radii above the sun’s surface is imposed by the magnetic field. The magnetic field traps a highly ionized and tenuous gas, the plasma that forms the corona. The charged particles of the plasma, confined to move along lines of magnetic force, scatter sunlight and make visible the configuration of the magnetic field.

Elsewhere in the solar system, plasma is confined in large-scale magnetized structures that are never visible but, over decades, have been yielding their secrets to an international armada of scientific spacecraft. Structured plasma and fields expand outward from the sun, forming the solar wind, which flows at supersonic speeds to distances far beyond the orbit of Pluto where it encounters a magnetic boundary called the heliopause.

Most planets (and the moon, Ganymede) are embedded in magnetic structures referred to as magnetospheres whose dynamics account for a range of phenomena that includes both the beautiful (the aurora) and the undesirable (spacecraft failures and intermittent large scale power outages). This talk describes aspects of the vastly different magnetic structures of the solar system and compare them, noting how they vary with the size, rotation rate, and location in the solar system of the central body.

Margaret Kivelson is a Distinguished Professor of Space Physics, Emerita in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences (Chair: 1984-1987) and a Distinguished Research Professor at UCLA.

Nelson W. Spencer became the director of the U-M Space Physics Research Laboratory in 1948 and remained its guiding force until 1960. Dr. Spencer believed in the importance of including science goals in all space flight missions, and was a pioneer in America’s space science program. Each year, a special guest speaker is invited to present a lecture in Dr. Spencer’s honor.